Justus Baron

Dr. Justus Baron is a Senior Research Associate in Economics at Northwestern University, Pritzker School of Law. Dr. Baron’s research focuses on technological innovation, standardization, and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Dr. Baron has written scholarly articles published in leading outlets, such as Research Policy, Antitrust Law Journal, and the International Journal of Industrial Organization, as well as several comprehensive policy reports for the European Commission. Dr. Baron has created the Searle Center Database, a collection of datasets on technology standards and SEPs used by numerous scholars in various fields.

Dr. Baron was a member of the European Commission’s Expert Group on Standard Essential Patents (SEP), and currently is the lead researcher of a consortium assisting the European Commission with an Impact Assessment on SEPs. Dr. Baron also frequently writes on standardization policy and the governance of standards organizations. Dr. Baron was one of the authors of a comprehensive EU report on SDO governance and SDO decision-making on IPR, has briefed the President’s National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee Standards Subcommittee on the importance and measurement of leadership in standardization, and currently participates in a research project of the CERRE think tank on the EU’s Standardization Strategy.

How Europe Lost Global Biopharmaceutical R&D Leadership to the United States: Lessons for Today

By Anne Prichett Today, the United States leads the world in biopharmaceutical industry research and development (R&D), supporting nearly five million jobs and generating more than $1.65 trillion in economic output. This position of global leadership, however, is relatively recent. Until the late 1980s, Europe–particularly Germany, France,
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If Private Sector R&D Is the Future, IP Policy Must Catch Up

By Chris Borges The President’s Budget Request for fiscal year 2026 (FY 2026) includes steep cuts to federal research and development (R&D) funding—a troubling signal for U.S. innovation and economic security. While congressional committees may push back on the most severe reductions, the signs are clear: Federal R&D funding is likely
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Don’t Tax Invention: The Risks of a Patent Tax

By Sujai Shivakumar and Chris Borges The Commerce Department is reportedly considering a novel revenue-raising idea to address the national debt: a “patent tax.” Under this proposal, patent holders would be required to pay the federal government between 1 and 5 percent of their patents’ assessed value each year. While the
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